If a claim of interest arises after a title insurance policy is issued, under what circumstance will a title company defend the title?

The correct answer is that the title company will defend the title under any of the outlined circumstances. Title insurance is designed to protect the policyholder from various risks that may arise after the policy is issued. When a claim to the property title is made, the title company has an obligation to defend the policyholder's interest, provided that the claim falls within the coverage parameters defined in the policy.

Each of the circumstances mentioned—charges by homeowners or condominium associations, mortgages or deeds of trust, and judgments, taxes, or special assessments—constitutes a type of claim that could challenge the validity of the title or impose a lien that impacts the property.

For instance, if a homeowners association levies a charge that affects the title, the title company would defend against such claims. Similarly, if there are any mortgages or deeds of trust that were not reflected in the title search when the insurance policy was issued, the title company would be obligated to address this oversight. Additionally, if a property is subject to a judgment or tax lien, these too could undermine the title, triggering the title insurer's duty to defend.

In summary, since all these scenarios represent potential threats to the property title that could emerge after the issuance of a title insurance policy,